Essential Ubuntu Linux Commands

Purpose	Commands	Example/Explanation
Help and Options
show service options	man service_name	man sudo
Help command or service	service_name --help	man --help
recuresive	-r	rm -r example.txt
force to do something. Ignore any prompt when deleting a write-protected file.	-f	rm -f example.txt
Clear screen	clear
show command history	history history \| grep ufw history \| sort -rn
System, Process and Services
shutdown the system	shutdown -r now
reboot /restart	reboot init 6
show process for users or all	ps -option	ps -u, ps -aux
To find the IP address	ip a
see Linux servers resource usage	top	top
Kill process	kill pid	kill 16750, kill -9 16750 (by force)
Show machine date and time	date	date
Set time zone	sudo timedatectl set-timezone zone_name	sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Dhaka
access remote server using SSH	ssh -p 22 user@IP_ADDRESS	ssh -p 22 [email protected]
version check	hostnamectl
show all services	service --status-all
service status/start/stop	systemctl status/start/stop service_name	systemctl status ssh
show disk space / disk file system	df -HT	df -HT
show FIle and Folder wise space	du -sh *\|less	du -sh *\|less
exporting environment variables in runtime	export variable_name=value	export MY_PROJECT_PATH=/opt/project/techecosys
Show all environment variable	env	show all existing variables
show individual variable	echo $VARIABLE_NAME	echo $MY_PROJECT_PATH
set another name for a command	alias lsl="command"	alias lsl="ls -l", alias dpa="docker ps -a"
Search location of any command	whereis command_name	whereis sudo, whereis ls
See what a command actually is	whatis command_name	whatis sudo, whatis ls
Unzip zip file	unzip filename.zip -d /path/	unzip website.zip -d /var/www/html/
File and Directory - Wildcard
show present directory	pwd

create directory	mkdir folder_name	mkdir dir1 dir2
change directory	cd dirtory_path	cd dir1
create file	touch options file_name	touch -m example1.txt example2.txt index.html
Create A File With content	cat filename	cat foo.txt -> Type content -> press ctrl + d
To view a file content	cat filename	cat foo.txt
To Append/update Text File content	cat >>filename	cat >>foo.txt
show all files and folders	ls -l	ls -l
show all .txt files using Wildcard	ls -l *.txt	* is wildcard which match pattern
view BIG file content more/less	cat file_name \| more or less	cat /etc/passwd \| more
copy file/Files in Linux	cp source destination	cp dir1/foo.txt dir2
move file one directory to another	mv source destination	mv dir1/foo.txt dir2
remove file	rm options file_name	rm -rf test.txt
remove all files which are .txt	rm *.txt
Copy or duplicate dir	cp [options] source destination	cp [options] source destination
remove folder	rm -option folder_name	rm -d folder_name - empty rm -r folder_name - nonempty
big file content view	head file_name or tail file_name	head foo.txt
To search for matching patterns in a file	grep [OPTION...] PATTERNS [FILE...]	grep -i "UNix" example.txt
Find file/folder name	find [path] [options] [expression]	find /test/ -type f -name "*.txt" find /path/to/search -type d -name "docs"
Users, Grups and Permission
Show all users	awk -F':' '{ print $1}' /etc/passwd	Awk prints every line of data from the specified file
add user with home directory	sudo useradd -m username	sudo useradd -m saidul
set/modify password	passwd username	passwd saidul
Switch User	su - username	su - username
show user group	groups username
Add user to a group	sudo usermod -aG groupname username	usermod -aG sudo gkerp
change file permissions	sudo chmod options file_name	chmod +x foo.txt
granting ownership of files or folders	chown	chmod saidul:saidul foo.txt

vim/vi commands
view file content	vi filename
insert	press i
	:q - quit, :wq - write and quit
Network
Display network interfaces and IP addresses	ifconfig	this command shows all network info
Trace all the network hops to reach the destination	traceroute HOST	traceroute localhost
Direct download files from the internet	wget
Firewall command	ufw allow/status/disallow	ufw allow 80
Base firewall for all other firewall utilities to interface with	iptables

Package
Update the local package index	sudo apt update
Install a new package.	sudo apt install [package]	sudo apt install traceroute
Uninstall a package.	sudo apt remove [package]	sudo apt remove traceroute
Upgrade all packages	sudo apt upgrade
Remove all packages that were installed automatically as dependencies and are no longer required.	sudo apt autoremove
	sudo apt autoclean
Purge is identical to remove except that packages are removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted too).	sudo apt-get remove <package-name>

Md Saidul Haque
Software Architect

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Essential Ubuntu Linux Commands: Your Go-To Guide

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Md Saidul Haque
Software Architect